|
Post by 70sguardchick on Oct 1, 2019 8:15:56 GMT -6
I had the opportunity to watch part of the competition from Austin this past Saturday. It was the first time for me to see the Texas bands, and that got me thinking. Are there different regional styles of high school marching band? I know that the Texas bands I saw on Flo this weekend all sounded amazing musically. There seemed to be an overall difference in marching/drill style from Indiana bands that I couldn't quite put a finger on (well, other than baton twirlers, which you would never see in Indiana...). I'd love to hear from those of you with wider knowledge and experience than I...is it possible to tell what part of the country a band is from simply by watching their show? How much do the different sheets (ISSMA, OMEA, etc) play into that?
|
|
|
Post by Samuel Culper on Oct 1, 2019 8:46:02 GMT -6
Did you see Texas bands with baton twirlers in their show? I've been involved in this activity for the last decade in Texas and don't recall seeing a single one in a competitive show.
|
|
|
Post by WoodlandsMom4ever on Oct 1, 2019 8:51:27 GMT -6
We have a twirler that performs with the band for football games/halftime shows, but she doesn’t twirl at competitions as far as I can remember. She is a band member (plays French Horn) and travels with the band though.
|
|
|
Post by Allohak on Oct 1, 2019 9:02:46 GMT -6
Short answer: yeah, a bit
Less-short answer: there are a ton of factors depending on local/state circuit requirements/criteria. The adjudication sheets in any given circuit can be vastly differing and put focus on many different things (some even have a judge give 2 scores, for the repertoire and the performance, putting separate numbers to design versus execution). Bands are likely to design their shows and focus their rehearsal time to the circuit in which they most want to do well.
So, a Carmel or Avon (playing to ISSMA and BOA sheets) will always look different from any of the Texas groups (playing to UIL and/or BOA - which can even vary from year to year [strange]) which will also look different from a James Logan/Ayala (WBA) or a Mason/Centerville (MSBA) or a BA/Union/Owasso/Jenks (OBA) etc etc etc
Individual bands also develop something of an identity, leading to some even being able to tell what band they're watching from a rehearsal video without names attached. Being an Indiana person, I'm sure you could see Homestead and Castle in plain clothes and tell which group was which.
|
|
|
Post by 70sguardchick on Oct 1, 2019 10:07:33 GMT -6
Did you see Texas bands with baton twirlers in their show? I've been involved in this activity for the last decade in Texas and don't recall seeing a single one in a competitive show. I did - one of the mid-afternoon-ish bands had two twirlers at one point....
|
|
|
Post by 70sguardchick on Oct 1, 2019 10:08:42 GMT -6
Short answer: yeah, a bit Less-short answer: there are a ton of factors depending on local/state circuit requirements/criteria. The adjudication sheets in any given circuit can be vastly differing and put focus on many different things (some even have a judge give 2 scores, for the repertoire and the performance, putting separate numbers to design versus execution). Bands are likely to design their shows and focus their rehearsal time to the circuit in which they most want to do well. So, a Carmel or Avon (playing to ISSMA and BOA sheets) will always look different from any of the Texas groups (playing to UIL and/or BOA - which can even vary from year to year [strange]) which will also look different from a James Logan/Ayala (WBA) or a Mason/Centerville (MSBA) or a BA/Union/Owasso/Jenks (OBA) etc etc etc Individual bands also develop something of an identity, leading to some even being able to tell what band they're watching from a rehearsal video without names attached. Being an Indiana person, I'm sure you could see Homestead and Castle in plain clothes and tell which group was which. Thanks! So can you elaborate on what some of the differences are?
|
|
|
Post by Allohak on Oct 1, 2019 10:25:52 GMT -6
In broad terms, some circuits prefer simple box/line forms while others reward difficulty and creativity.
Some circuits have a separate judge for auxiliary (guard, etc), either applying to the full score or not, while others keep all visual execution under the general visual captions.
Some circuits have music broken down into winds and percussion (see auxiliary above).
There are so many different ways things are done it'd be hard to list them all.
Since you asked specifically about Texas versus what you're used to, the main difference is your Midwestern groups spread their time to be good in both music and visual (call it 60-40), so will generally have much more visual complexity than the Texas schools since they focus on great music over decent visual (let's say 70-30).
(Please note, this is not an 8-hour rule comment!)
|
|
|
Post by 70sguardchick on Oct 1, 2019 10:32:07 GMT -6
Thanks, Allohak....maybe that visual simplicity is what I saw seeing in the Texas bands. I think I noticed it especially in drill transitions. The music was stunning, though. I'm very much looking forward to seeing a wider variety of bands this year at the Indy Super and Grand Nats.
|
|
|
Post by srv1084 on Oct 1, 2019 11:28:35 GMT -6
Just one man's opinion:
California - I call it "Drum Corps Lite." Heavy focus on brass and driving percussion. "Loud = Good" sort of mentality.
New England/Northeast - 1980s/1990s. Modern design not fully embraced. Lots of programs that have not evolved beyond the 90s, minimal use of effective electronics.
Florida - Colorguard central. Very visually focused with huge guards taking the spotlight. Lots of "for show" sort of stuff.
Texas - Lots of bands with a heavy focus on producing a symphonic band sound and usually let the music dictate the theme. Much more thematic/mood/ambiance-driven shows rather than story-driven.
Midwest - Total mixed bag. I don't know that there's any one way I'd describe a particular state's style.
|
|
|
Post by hewhowaits on Oct 1, 2019 11:42:40 GMT -6
Thanks, Allohak....maybe that visual simplicity is what I saw seeing in the Texas bands. I think I noticed it especially in drill transitions. The music was stunning, though. I'm very much looking forward to seeing a wider variety of bands this year at the Indy Super and Grand Nats. Not sure I would call it "visual simplicity," but there's a reason those Texas groups with more complex visual design do very well at BOA and it begins with doing so while maintaining the great Texas sound. I have even heard directors of Midwestern Grand Nationals finalist bands reference "Texas loud" as a positive description of something to expect in their own show.
|
|
|
Post by tubamom on Oct 1, 2019 12:04:09 GMT -6
(well, other than baton twirlers, which you would never see in Indiana...)
There was a baton twirler at Penn (in Indiana) this past weekend. I believe it was Fort Wayne Northrop.
|
|
|
Post by bluecircle on Oct 1, 2019 12:15:22 GMT -6
I know this doesn’t have anything to do with regional style differences, but Mason and BA are pretty much the same band.
|
|
|
Post by Allohak on Oct 1, 2019 12:18:47 GMT -6
I know this doesn’t have anything to do with regional style differences, but Mason and BA are pretty much the same band. Hmmmm While they both certainly have Wes' fingerprints all over their designs, IMO they still have fairly distinct styles/identities. That said, as an alumnus of one, I'm very okay with it being likened to the other 😎
|
|
|
Post by Jake W. on Oct 1, 2019 13:08:56 GMT -6
I could write a whole dissertation on this, I love this subject!!!! (Edit: turns out I did accidentally write a novel)
You can track regional differences through a few things: the way music is taught (Texas, the South), the presence of local college marching bands (Ohio State, many of the Southern HBCUs), the presence of a competitive & historical State Finals (ISSMA, UIL, KMEA, etc) or especially the lack of a competitive & historical State Finals, and the presence of winter activities & WGI in the state.
Split up by region:
Texas ---- A region unto itself in the band world, always the king of concert band, now quickly rocketing towards the king of marching band. I went into this in detail on the MFA forums over the years, but band is simply taught exponentially better in Texas than any other region in the country. The culture there just isn't replicated anywhere else. Of course your top sax player or whatever in any band in the country could go toe to toe with any top sax player from TX; I just mean that in general your 18th chair 3rd clarinetist is going to be vastly more competent on her instrument in most any TX group all the way down the rankings of San Antonio Prelims than the lower clarinetists of any other region in the country, and that's where Texas's musical prowess lies. However, the caveat is that UIL imposes the infamous 8 hour rule for their marching bands, so no one is going to have an intense drill book or visual program, because there simply isn't time to clean it. Winter activities are also pretty low in popularity (compared to other regions of the country), with winter percussion in particular just now taking hold as a thing that's common for programs to do. Winter guard is ahead of that, but still not anywhere even remotely close to the Midwest --- The Woodlands made SW Finals this year for the first time, and joined James Bowie as the only two Texas groups in recent history to be a Scholastic World Finalist. For comparison, Indiana has had 8 different groups achieve that distinction over just the past 10 years. Texas also has a very historical State Finals, right up there with ISSMA --- Bands really within the last 10 years are finally embracing BOA in that state, and hoooo boy are they embracing it. UIL is still very important though. The judging system for UIL is one of the worst in the country (in my opinion), and they essentially have no GE caption, nor do they like to bring a ton of standard judges, preferring instead to often utilize college band directors from across the country among other non-BOA-DCI-pool judges. Bands are basically judged for music & marching, so that's created a system where the shows of Carmel & Avon aren't necessarily historically rewarded. So, to sum up this long paragraph, you have the best-playing bands in the country who are quickly learning to up their design & visual games as they embrace BOA. If you watch SA Prelims, *EVERY* band sounds phenomenal, whereas St. Louis & Indy Super Prelims have a good 10 (20+ for STL) at the bottom of the rankings that are simply difficult to watch & listen to. SA Prelims has none of that, but they do have the bottom 10-20 bands with lackluster visual packages and generic, nondescript shows that at least always sound good as an ensemble.
Midwest --- The historical king of the marching activity, with Texas quickly eclipsing. In my opinion, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, & KY bands are all fairly similar, and all teach band fairly similarly. Ohio is the outlier here. For any band in IN/IL/MI/KY, you're going to have competence in show design, and competence in every caption. BOA has been in Indy for hundreds of years now, and bands across this region always get the benefit of having been so close for so many years...even if they don't attend, the directors might go and see what's new, what's happening in the design world at the top, etc. IL has never had a traditional State Finals, whereas KY & MI have. Indiana of course has among the strongest historical State Finals contest in the whole country; in my opinion, that consistency that was demanded from its bands over the decades bled directly into BOA and the surrounding states. Ohio is the exception here --- Ohio State reigns supreme, OMEA is a festival-focused system that simply gives out divisional awards at their "State Finals", and many high school bands still travel to away football games (that's not replicated elsewhere across the Midwest). Centerville, Mason, etc. are the exception here --- the vast majority of OH bands are more focused on putting on a good show rather than competitive accolades.
Northeast --- Someone can elaborate on this more than me. Once the denizen region of the activity, the past 20 years or so have seen a gutting of public school arts funding across all the states up there. The smaller groups are what thrive here: winter guard & winter percussion. Your hallmark marching band from the NE marches around 80-120 total, has a terrific winter guard & probably a decent winter drumline, and is usually made up of less winds and more percussion/guard. No big, deep brass sounds up here, but often a lot of visual competence.
California --- A region of multiple important circuits and no unifying state contest has resulted in many different-looking groups: some very traditional that even do parade competitions still, and some very modern and DCI-influenced (Logan historically & Ayala now). Money is another factor here...despite all of the wealthy communities, funding for the arts has been all but gutted across the state. Historically, not much of a focus on concert band...you don't see many top CA wind ensembles performing at Midwest, for example. Also historically a HUGE wgi presence in both guard & percussion, and at both the independent & scholastic levels. You have this all culminating in groups like Chino Hills who have literally among the best high school drummers in the country, yet have a group of winds that probably wouldn't even crack the top 200 in the country. It's an interesting mixed bag, but overall watching bands in the state you don't get the TX big full ensemble sound, but you do get sky high tosses and drumlines playing things that are mind-bogglingly complex.
Rocky Mountain Region & Pacific NW --- Where I currently teach. CO, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, Oregon, WA. Band is just not big in these states, and never has been. CO certainly has it's own long running state circuit, but it's still not a thing like it is in other parts of the country. In my opinion only (having grown up in Indiana), it's so big in places like TX & Indiana & IL because there's nothing else for kids to do (and I mean that in the nicest of ways)! Out here, I've got so many kids who would rather spend their winters snowboarding & skiing on the weekends than march in a gym with some drums, and I get that. It's just the culture out here. Not that these activities don't exist and even thrive, but more that kids out here don't seem to NEED something to do in the summer & winter. Whereas in Indiana kids absolutely need that....what the hell else is a 16 year old gonna do for the 5 months it's grey and cold and terrible and they're trapped inside? Or in the summer when there's no school but nothing else to do? Marching band it is!
The Southwest --- By far it's own microcosm in all the marching arts categories. Underrepresented in the DCI world as a region other than The Academy (and Arsenal for a brief moment), little to no historical BOA or WGI contests or power groups, this region is simply geographically isolated from the rest of the marching arts community. Arizona does have a decent State Finals, and NM has a few important university contests, but bands in these two states generally have to travel light years in order to compete nationally, and therefore the activity hasn't blossomed there over the decades. Maybe that will change with BOA venturing in again!
The South --- A collection of marching microcosms (see: Florida) that can generally be summed up by "well-playing groups". Good musicians all across this region and great ensemble sounds. The HBCUs have a lot of influence in the way Ohio State does in Ohio...lots of show bands down here, especially in AL/MS/LA. GA & TN have never had a true State Finals, despite having a fair amount of BOA GN Finalist bands over the years. SC of course has a historically strong State Finals that is very important to them. FL has always had a conglomeration of circuits that recently have been loosely tied together under the name FMBC. FL also shines hard in the winter guard department --- some groups like Flanagan & West Broward have fielded marching bands with make ups of something like 60 guard members and 60 winds, etc. I don't know why guard is so big in Florida, but it sure is. Similar to Indiana, FL has had 7 or 8 SW wgi Finalists in the past 10 years or so, quite an oddity hen most states have had 0, 1, or mayyyybe 2 over that same time period.
The Mississippi River Valley --- An area finally blossoming into the marching arts, and not particularly strong historically in any caption, and i think that's the unifying factor. Watching STL Prelims, most of your non-finalist bands from this area are just fine, but don't excel in any captions. No strong historic winter guard or percussion programs in these states (with a few exceptions), and you won't often see a wind ensemble from Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, etc. at the Midwest Clinic. Not a whole lot of huge bands, either...it's rare to see a 200+ member band out of this part of the country, or programs with 3 or more concert bands. I do believe many of the next "it" bands over the next decade will come from these states, though, as traditional & solid programs get in good designers and start to blossom (the path of Grain Valley, Blue Springs, Bentonville, Bellevue West, etc). Oklahoma is your exception here....a very strong State Finals that goes back years, and a BOA/WGI presence that goes back literally decades with Union & Broken Arrow. Bands like Owasso, Jenks, Mustang, the Edmonds, the Moores, Bixby etc. have benefited from the proximity factor, and OK as a result enjoys it's status with IN & TX as a marching band "island" state, and deservedly so!
|
|
|
Post by warehouse314 on Oct 1, 2019 14:11:46 GMT -6
(well, other than baton twirlers, which you would never see in Indiana...)
There was a baton twirler at Penn (in Indiana) this past weekend. I believe it was Fort Wayne Northrop. Carmel also had a baton twirler in their 2012 show... "Oh What a Tangled Web We Weave". I think she was in the 2011 or 2013 show as well. I know she was a twirler for 2 years, and a world class one at that.
|
|
|
Post by Allohak on Oct 1, 2019 15:47:00 GMT -6
I could write a whole dissertation on this, I love this subject!!!! (Edit: turns out I did accidentally write a novel) Nailed it! (Where in CO are you teaching?!? We need to chat )
|
|
|
Post by LeanderMomma on Oct 1, 2019 18:19:41 GMT -6
I’ve never seen baton twirlers in a Texas BOA contest before Saturday. I liked it!
|
|
|
Post by N.E. Brigand on Oct 1, 2019 21:02:22 GMT -6
As Jake says, Ohio is a hodgepodge of styles. At the Buckeye Invitational, an OMEA competition for 34 bands but with another 10 bands appearing in exhibition (plus Ohio State at the end -- and Ohio State's band is perhaps what people nationally think of first when they think of marching band, especially in the past five years or so due to viral videos of their drill), the crowd seemed to like William Mason's show best of the high school bands (and so did the OMEA judges) -- and this is only the second time Mason has appeared in OMEA in the past decade, I think. But almost every year at this event or other Ohio band events--even at the festivals where no bands are competing--I do hear some grumbling from a number of fans about bands with other styles than the one they prefer.
For some of these audience members, color guard is entirely superfluous.
Others don't see the point of a "marching" band having a pit that doesn't march.
Some people prefer a military style and lump both HBCU-influenced festival bands and and the more artistic groups together because both groups have moments where the instrumentalists put down their instruments and dance.
I do wish I'd been sitting near some of the exhibition bands' parents when BOA-style bands were playing Saturday, as I love hearing their reactions.
However, one comment I encountered this year a few days after the event struck me: a complaint that Mason and too many other bands weren't really marching bands at all but were "Broadway shows" instead. As someone who works in theater, I probably should be offended by that remark.
(As for myself, I think straight lines are underrated these days, and definitely are to be preferred to amorphous pods.)
|
|
|
Post by 70sguardchick on Oct 2, 2019 4:51:56 GMT -6
Wow! Thanks everyone - all of these posts are fascinating. Keep it going!
As to the baton twirlers, well, maybe they are having a comeback? To me, it’s more of a collegiate band thing. But it would be interesting to see a twirling/spinning mashup of some kind.
|
|
|
Post by LeanderMomma on Oct 2, 2019 6:08:30 GMT -6
|
|
|
Post by It's Just Band on Oct 2, 2019 10:12:35 GMT -6
There was a baton twirler at Penn (in Indiana) this past weekend. I believe it was Fort Wayne Northrop. Carmel also had a baton twirler in their 2012 show... "Oh What a Tangled Web We Weave". I think she was in the 2011 or 2013 show as well. I know she was a twirler for 2 years, and a world class one at that. She was only in the band in 2012
|
|
|
Post by warehouse314 on Oct 2, 2019 11:54:54 GMT -6
Carmel also had a baton twirler in their 2012 show... "Oh What a Tangled Web We Weave". I think she was in the 2011 or 2013 show as well. I know she was a twirler for 2 years, and a world class one at that. She was only in the band in 2012 Yep... you're correct. Realized that last night when I really started thinking about it. She was only in it one year... 2012. She was so good I probably thought she was in it a couple of years. 😁 Carmel also had one of their Drum Majors perform as a Juggler during their show... I think it was 2014, "In The Cards". But I may be wrong about the year...
|
|
|
Post by thewho on Oct 2, 2019 12:05:14 GMT -6
She was only in the band in 2012 Yep... you're correct. Realized that last night when I really started thinking about it. She was only in it one year... 2012. She was so good I probably thought she was in it a couple of years. 😁 Carmel also had one of their Drum Majors perform as a Juggler during their show... I think it was 2014, "In The Cards". But I may be wrong about the year... You're correct on that. I heard somewhere that he apparently competed seriously in juggling at that time?
|
|
|
Post by warehouse314 on Oct 2, 2019 13:32:43 GMT -6
Yep... you're correct. Realized that last night when I really started thinking about it. She was only in it one year... 2012. She was so good I probably thought she was in it a couple of years. 😁 Carmel also had one of their Drum Majors perform as a Juggler during their show... I think it was 2014, "In The Cards". But I may be wrong about the year... You're correct on that. I heard somewhere that he apparently competed seriously in juggling at that time? That's correct as well... along with being a Drum Major, Jack was also a fantastic juggler and competed (and won) at many events.
|
|
|
Post by joe on Oct 2, 2019 13:45:25 GMT -6
Just one man's opinion: California - I call it "Drum Corps Lite." Heavy focus on brass and driving percussion. "Loud = Good" sort of mentality. New England/Northeast - 1980s/1990s. Modern design not fully embraced. Lots of programs that have not evolved beyond the 90s, minimal use of effective electronics. Florida - Colorguard central. Very visually focused with huge guards taking the spotlight. Lots of "for show" sort of stuff. Texas - Lots of bands with a heavy focus on producing a symphonic band sound and usually let the music dictate the theme. Much more thematic/mood/ambiance-driven shows rather than story-driven. Midwest - Total mixed bag. I don't know that there's any one way I'd describe a particular state's style. Indiana seems to be more visually focused shows. They seem to be very physically demanding (Carmel is an exception). Homestead and Avon seem to have a lot more drill and choreo than the average texas band (for example). That's just my view at least
|
|
|
Post by ohioguy2 on Oct 2, 2019 16:04:17 GMT -6
I don’t think it’s really possible to generalize states fully the way that many are attempting to do so. For example, while Indiana has many of the best fall competitive programs in the country, the “summer track band circuit” is very much alive there as well. At many smaller schools, bands compete in the summer on a small field basically the equivalent of a football field up to the front hash that is not a full hundred yards. There are also many non-competitive programs.
Ohio also can’t be generalized. While the Ohio State connection has been noted, the Ohio University influence might even be more prevalent. In certain parts of the state, the “dance band” style made famous by the Marching 110 is very much the en vogue style and has been for quite some time.
The competitive divide in Ohio has been so substantial that for decades competitive programs have been labeled “OMEA Bands” or “MSBA/BOA bands, with not much crossover between. That divide started with directors like Wayne Markworth of Centerville and Greg Mills of Kings starting MSBA to give bands that wanted to compete nationally a chance to see sheets similar to BOA on the local level.
For years, the OMEA style, which relies on less risk taking design wise and cleaner execution, thrives in the Columbus suburbs and also schools like the Lakotas, Beavercreek, and Fairfield. The MSBA style was generally the Cincinnati/Dayton corridor.
The two worlds have definitely been moving towards each other in recent years, and more bands are starting to compete in OMEA, MSBA, and BOA.
|
|
|
Post by warehouse314 on Oct 2, 2019 21:03:09 GMT -6
Just one man's opinion: California - I call it "Drum Corps Lite." Heavy focus on brass and driving percussion. "Loud = Good" sort of mentality. New England/Northeast - 1980s/1990s. Modern design not fully embraced. Lots of programs that have not evolved beyond the 90s, minimal use of effective electronics. Florida - Colorguard central. Very visually focused with huge guards taking the spotlight. Lots of "for show" sort of stuff. Texas - Lots of bands with a heavy focus on producing a symphonic band sound and usually let the music dictate the theme. Much more thematic/mood/ambiance-driven shows rather than story-driven. Midwest - Total mixed bag. I don't know that there's any one way I'd describe a particular state's style. Indiana seems to be more visually focused shows. They seem to be very physically demanding (Carmel is an exception). Homestead and Avon seem to have a lot more drill and choreo than the average texas band (for example). That's just my view at least Totally agree with you that Indiana bands focus on the visual aspects of their shows... However, I would disagree with your statement that Carmel doesn't perform shows with physical demand.
|
|
|
Post by flplantguy on Oct 5, 2019 7:22:33 GMT -6
Another issue with the southwest outside of the major cities is population. With smaller schools spread out over large travel time some students spend a lot of time getting to and from school. This doesn't really allow for the practice time marching band needs. In NM this is combined with a low budget and poorer population, so very few schools have a larger music program. Even in the cities the budget is low and many students work jobs as soon as they are old enough. The larger high schools in the nicer parts of Albuquerque field bands that are much smaller than their neighboring state's counterparts and they have fewer instructors. Clovis (and to some extent the Las Cruces schools near El Paso) are an exception, possibly due to Texas influence. Clovis specifically is pretty much a panhandle town where the Texas influence and style has always been prevalent, which has led to a different culture there than the rest of the state, hence their dominance there (are there any other isolated communities like that successful in BOA?) Arizona is rapidly catching up it seems, so hopefully there will one day be a southwest super regional.
|
|
|
Post by TeamIndiana on Oct 7, 2019 6:40:45 GMT -6
Indiana seems to be more visually focused shows. They seem to be very physically demanding (Carmel is an exception). Homestead and Avon seem to have a lot more drill and choreo than the average texas band (for example). That's just my view at least Totally agree with you that Indiana bands focus on the visual aspects of their shows... However, I would disagree with your statement that Carmel doesn't perform shows with physical demand. Carmel doesn't just park & play but compared to Avon or Homestead their shows are certainly much less physically demanding.
|
|
|
Post by wwmw on Oct 7, 2019 7:39:43 GMT -6
That “Texas Loud” comes from the basic physics of resonance. Tone that is centered and played at the same frequency (aka “in tune”) resonates more. There’s SO much focus in Texas from day one in beginner band all the way through, to focus on a full, open, centered tone. Everything else emerges from that idea. Since there are no state standards for marching band specifically, only music, all things begin and end from the music, because at the end of the day, that’s what it’s about. The visual side of marching band is an extension of that, rather than a co-equal part (Translation: if the music is bad, why would you want to watch?). As far as the 8 hour rule goes, I am a huge fan. In Texas, more than that and you’ll not only have academic eligibility problems, but you’re also going to have kids dropping like flies from exhaustion. When it’s over 100 degrees for 50-90 days per year, you have to take care of kids, educate them on how to protect their health, and write drill that accommodates the climate where you are.
|
|